The Kentucky Derby has a complex history with respect to Black participation. African Americans have played a significant role in the development and success of the Kentucky Derby, particularly in the early years of the race.

African American jockeys played a dominant role in the early years of the Kentucky Derby, with 13 out of the first 28 Derby winners being ridden by Black jockeys. Isaac Murphy, one of the most famous African American jockeys of the time, won three Kentucky Derbies in the 1880s, becoming the first jockey to win the race consecutively.

Despite their success and skill, Black jockeys faced significant discrimination and racism in the sport. As the sport became more commercialized and segregated in the early 20th century, Black jockeys were systematically pushed out of horse racing by discriminatory practices and Jim Crow laws. By the mid-20th century, Black jockeys had virtually disappeared from the sport, and it wasn't until the late 20th century that African Americans began to regain prominence in horse racing.

In recent years, African American jockeys and trainers have made a comeback in the Kentucky Derby and thoroughbred racing, with riders like Marlon St. Julien and trainers like Greg Foley breaking barriers and achieving success in the sport.

Overall, the history of African Americans in the Kentucky Derby highlights both the contributions of Black individuals to the sport of horse racing and the systemic racism and discrimination that have historically marginalized them in the industry.